石家莊電瓶叉車是指以電瓶為動(dong)力的(de)平衡重式叉(cha)車。隨環保要求(qiu)的(de)提(ti)高，需求(qiu)有較快(kuai)的(de)增長，尤(you)其(qi)是中、小噸(dun)位的(de)電瓶叉(cha)車越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)受(shou)到人們(men)的(de)歡迎。那么在使用中哪(na)些因素會影響電瓶叉(cha)車的(de)蓄電池(chi)壽(shou)命？

型(xing)號(hao)(hao)：不同(tong)(tong)生產廠、不同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)類、不同(tong)(tong)型(xing)號(hao)(hao)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)極、電(dian)(dian)解液、隔膜的(de)材料配(pei)方(fang)不同(tong)(tong)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)結構不同(tong)(tong)、裝(zhuang)配(pei)工藝不同(tong)(tong)而使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻產生差異。

電荷量：由于注入蓄電池的電解液深度、電極表面反應物質的厚度、電極表面的孔隙率等不同，而使蓄電池的內阻相差較大，從而電荷量也相差較大。

溫度(du)：環境溫度(du)的變(bian)化，例如(ru)上升，這時反(fan)應物(wu)質的擴散加(jia)快、電(dian)荷傳(chuan)遞、電(dian)極動力學過程和物(wu)質轉移更容易進(jin)行，因而(er)蓄電(dian)池內阻減(jian)小(xiao)。反(fan)之，就會增加(jia)。

使(shi)(shi)用的時(shi)(shi)間：隨著使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)(shi)間的增(zeng)加，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)解(jie)液失水、極板(ban)與(yu)連接(jie)條的腐蝕(shi)、極板(ban)的硫酸化(hua)、極板(ban)變形(xing)及活性物(wu)質的脫落等因(yin)素(su)，造成蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)容量減(jian)小，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)內阻變大。

測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)間(jian)和(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)電流(liu)(liu)大小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)：在采用(yong)較大測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)電流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，在施加測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)信(xin)號和(he)關閉測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)信(xin)號的(de)(de)瞬間(jian)，由于(yu)極(ji)化(hua)的(de)(de)建立和(he)穩定是個(ge)變化(hua)過程，不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)電流(liu)(liu)，不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)間(jian)，極(ji)化(hua)是不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)，使蓄電池(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)結果不具(ju)有客(ke)觀性(xing)。要具(ju)有客(ke)觀性(xing)，應(ying)盡量(liang)(liang)用(yong)較小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)信(xin)號電流(liu)(liu)進行內(nei)阻測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)，根據實驗(yan)，測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)電流(liu)(liu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)或等于(yu)0.05C10，(其(qi)中C10為10小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)放電率下(xia)(xia)蓄電池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)。)

測(ce)量(liang)(liang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)頻率(lv)：目(mu)前許多(duo)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內阻(zu)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)，實(shi)際上測(ce)的(de)是(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)阻(zu)抗(kang)，內中包(bao)括了(le)容抗(kang)，而容抗(kang)大小(xiao)和測(ce)量(liang)(liang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)頻率(lv)有(you)關，使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內阻(zu)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)結(jie)果(guo)不具(ju)有(you)客觀(guan)性(xing)。要具(ju)有(you)客觀(guan)性(xing)，應(ying)根據測(ce)量(liang)(liang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)相位關系，用解析的(de)方(fang)法(fa)去除(chu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容對測(ce)量(liang)(liang)結(jie)果(guo)的(de)影響(xiang)，使測(ce)量(liang)(liang)率(lv)結(jie)果(guo)與信(xin)(xin)號(hao)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)頻率(lv)無關，即在(zai)任何測(ce)量(liang)(liang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)頻率(lv)下，內阻(zu)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)結(jie)果(guo)具(ju)有(you)唯(wei)一(yi)性(xing)。

過度充電：長(chang)期過充電狀態下(xia)，正極因(yin)析氧反應，水被消(xiao)耗(hao)，h+增加(jia)(jia)，從(cong)而導致正極附近酸度增加(jia)(jia)，板柵腐蝕(shi)加(jia)(jia)速，使(shi)(shi)板柵變(bian)薄加(jia)(jia)速電池(chi)的腐蝕(shi)，使(shi)(shi)電池(chi)容(rong)量降低;同時因(yin)水損耗(hao)加(jia)(jia)劇(ju)，將(jiang)使(shi)(shi)蓄電池(chi)有干涸的危險，從(cong)而影響蓄電池(chi)壽命。

過度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要發(fa)生在交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長時(shi)間為負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)被(bei)過度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低甚(shen)至(zhi)為零時(shi)，會(hui)導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部有(you)大量的(de)(de)(de)硫酸鉛(qian)被(bei)吸附到蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)(yin)極表(biao)面(mian)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)(yin)極造成(cheng)(cheng)“硫酸鹽化”。硫酸鉛(qian)是(shi)一種(zhong)絕緣(yuan)體，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)必將對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能產生很大的(de)(de)(de)負面(mian)影響(xiang)，因此在陰(yin)(yin)極上形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)硫酸鹽越(yue)多(duo)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)內阻越(yue)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能就越(yue)差，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命(ming)就越(yue)短。